Lipoprotein profile in elderly persons from northwestern Spain consuming the Atlantic diet, a variant of the Mediterranean diet

Abstract 

To screen some cardiovascular risk factors in institutionalized elderly persons of the Spanish Northwest who consume the Atlantic variant of the Mediterranean diet, rich in vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, olive oil and dairy products, anthropometric and dietary measurements were carried out and serum glucose and lipoprotein values were determined in 94 subjects. Men consumed significantly more legumes, fruit, meat, alcohol and precooked foods but fewer vegetables than women. Significant positive correlations were found between total fat and MUFA consumption and HDL-cholesterol. Fish intake correlated negatively with total cholesterol (TC) and LDL-cholesterol. The prevalence of high TC, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and TC/HDL-cholesterol levels was 29%, 37%, 21%, 25% respectively, and that of low HDL-cholesterol was 15%. Women displayed a higher prevalence of dyslipemia, with significantly higher TC and higher LDL-cholesterol levels than men. Fifty percent of the women aged 75-80 presented concurrent hyperglycemia, excess weight and hypertriglyceridemia, predisposing them to the metabolic syndrome. Nonetheless, as regards the lipoprotein profile, the Atlantic diet appears appropriate for most institutionalized elderly persons.

Keywords:  Elderly, Dietary intake, Cardiovascular risk factors, Lipoproteins, Mediterranean diet, Metabolic syndrome