Nutrition Research
Volume 23, Issue 12 , Pages 1631-1642 , December 2003

Blood pressure reduced by whole grain diet containing barley or whole wheat and brown rice in moderately hypercholesterolemic men

  • Judith Hallfrisch

      Affiliations

    • Diet & Health Promotion Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Center-East, Building 308, Rm 212, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
  • ,
  • Daniel J. Scholfield

      Affiliations

    • Diet & Health Promotion Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Center-East, Building 308, Rm 212, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
  • ,
  • Kay M. Behall

      Affiliations

    • Diet & Health Promotion Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville Agricultural Center-East, Building 308, Rm 212, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +1-301-504-8682; fax: +1-301-504-9098.

Received 23 December 2002 ,Revised 12 August 2003 ,Accepted 13 August 2003.

References 

  1. Jacobs DR, Marquart L, Slavin J, Kushi LH. Whole grain intake and cancer (An expanded review and meta-analysis). Nutr Cancer. 1998;30:85–96
  2. Truswell AS. Cereal grains and coronary heart disease. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56:1–14
  3. Rimm EB, Ascherio A, Giovannucci E, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC. Vegetable, fruit and cereal fiber intake and risk of coronary heart disease among men. JAMA. 1996;275:447–451
  4. Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Giovannucci E, Rimm E, Manson JE, et al. Whole-grain consumption and risk of coronary heart disease (results from the Nurses' Health Study). Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:412–419
  5. Salmeron J, Aserio A, Rimm EB, Colditz GA, Spiegelman D, Jenkins DJ, et al. Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of NIDDM in men. Diabetes Care. 1997;20:545–550
  6. Fung TT, Hu FB, Pereria MA, Liu S, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, et al. Whole-grain intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes (a prospective study in men). Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:535–540
  7. Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Giovannucci E, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective study of whole-grain intake and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in US women. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:1409–1415
  8. Hallfrisch J, Behall KM. Mechanisms of the effects of grains on insulin and glucose responses. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19:320S–325S
  9. Willett W, Manson J, Liu S. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76:274S–280S
  10. Behall KM, Scholfield DJ, Hallfrisch J. Effect of beta-glucan level in oat fiber extracts on blood lipids in men and women. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:46–51
  11. Jang Y, Lee JH, Kim OY, Park HY, Lee SY. Consumption of whole grain and legume powder reduces insulin demand, lipid peroxidation, and plasma homocysteine concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease (randomized controlled clinical trial). Arterioscler Thromb Basc Biol. 2001;21:2065–2071
  12. Leinonen KS, Poutanen KS, Mykkanen HM. Rye bread decreases serum total and LDL cholesterol in men with moderately elevated serum cholesterol. J Nutr. 2002;130:164–170
  13. Bruce B, Spiller GA, Klevay LM, Gallagher SK. A diet in whole and unrefined foods favorably alters lipids, antioxidant defenses, and colon function. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19:61–67
  14. Lupton JR, Morin JL, Robinson MC. Barley bran flour accelerates gastrointestinal transit time. J Am Dietet Assoc. 1993;93:881–885
  15. Bridges SR, Anderson JW, Deakins DA, Dillon DW, Wood CL. Oat bran increases serum acetate of hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:455–459
  16. Danielson AD, Newman RK, Newman CW, Berardinelli JG. Lipid levels and digesta viscosity of rats fed a high-fiber barley milling fraction. Nutr Res. 1997;17:515–522
  17. Wolever TMS, Vuksan V, Eshuis H, Spadafora P, Peterson RD, Chao ESM, et al. Effect of method of administration of psyllium on glycemic response and carbohydrate digestibility. J Am Coll Nutr. 1991;10:364–371
  18. Wisker E, Godau A, Daniel M, Peschutter G, Feldheim W. Contribution of barley fiber to the metabolizable energy of human diets. Nutr Res. 1992;12:1315–1323
  19. Pins JJ, Geleva D, Keenan JM, Frazel C, O'Connor PJ, Cherney LM. Do whole- grain oat cereals reduce the need for antihypertensive medications and improve blood pressure control?. J Fam Pract. 2002;51:353–359
  20. Liu S, Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Rexrode KM, Hu FB, Rimm EB, et al. Whole grain consumption and risk of ischemic stroke in women (a prospective study). JAMA. 2000;284:1534–1540
  21. U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition. Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements. Claims that can be made for conventional foods and dietary supplements. CFR 101.81. Appendix C, 2000
  22. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Mehline CC, Parker T, Rao AV, Agarwal S, et al. Combined effect of vegetable protein (soy) and soluble fiber added to a standard cholesterol-lowering diet. Metabolism. 1999;48:809–816
  23. Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vuksan V, Vidgen E, Parker T, Faulkner D, et al. Soluble fiber intake at a dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for a claim of health benefits (serum lipid risk factors for cardiovascular disease assessed in a randomized controlled crossover trial). Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75:834–839
  24. Onning G, Wallmark A, Persson M, Akesson B, Elmstahl S, Oste R. Consumption of oat milk for 5 weeks lowers serum cholesterol and LDL- cholesterol in free-living men with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Ann Nutr Metab. 1999;43:301–309
  25. Dubois C, Armand M, Senft M, Portugal H, Pauli A-M, Bernard P-M, et al. Chronic oat bran intake alters postprandial lipemia and lipoproteins in healthy adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:325–333
  26. Lupton JR, Robinson MC, Morin JL. Cholesterol-lowering effect of barley bran flour and oil. J Am Dietet Assoc. 1994;94:65–70
  27. Swain JF, Rouse IL, Curley CB, Sacks FM. Comparison of the effects of oat bran and low-fiber wheat on serum lipoprotein levels and blood pressure. New Engl J Med. 1990;322:147–152
  28. Saltzman E, Das SK, Lichtenstein AH, Dallal GE, Corrales A, Schaefer EJ, et al. An oat-containing hypocaloric diet reduces systolic blood pressure and improves lipid profile beyond effects of weight loss in men and women. J Nutr. 2001;131:1465–1470
  29. Suter PM. The effects of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber on risk of stroke. Nutr Rev. 1999;57:84–88
  30. Melby CL, Toohey ML, Cebrick J. Blood pressure and blood lipids among vegetarian, semivegetarian, and nonvegetarian African Americans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:103–109
  31. Margetts BM, Beilin LJ, Vandongen R, Armstrong BK. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of dietary fibre on blood pressure. Clin Sci. 1987;72:343–350
  32. Davy BM, Melby CL, Beske SD, Ho RC, Davrath LR, Davy KP. Oat consumption does not affect resting casual and ambulatory 24-h arterial blood pressure in men with high-normal blood pressure to stage 1 hypertension. J Nutr. 2002;132:394–398
  33. Ascherio A, Rimm EB, Herman MA, Giovannucci EL, Kawachi I, Stampfer MJ, et al. Intake of potassium, magnesium, calcium, and fiber and risk of stroke among US men. Circulation. 1998;98:1198–1204
  34. Hajjar IM, Grim CE, George V, Kotchen TA. Impact of diet on blood pressure and age-related changes in blood pressure in the US population (analysis of NHANES III). Arch Intern Med. 2001;16:589–593
  35. He J, Whelton PK. Effect of dietary fiber and protein intake on blood pressure (a review of epidemiologic evidence). Clin Exp Hyprtens. 1999;21:785–796
  36. McIntosh GH, Le Leu RK, Kerry A, Goldring M. Barley grain for human food use. Food Aust. 1993;45:392–394
  37. American Heart Association. Dietary guidelines for healthy adults (a statement for physicians and health professional by the Nutrition Committee, American Heart Association). Circulation. 1988;77:721A–724A
  38. Rossner S, Andersson I-L, Ryttig K. Effects of a dietary fibre supplement to a weight reduction programme on blood pressure (A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial). Acta Med Scand. 1988;223:353–357
  39. Schlamowitz P, Halber T, Warnoe O, Wistrup F, Ryttig K. Treatment of mild to moderate hypertension with dietary fiber. Lancet. 1987;2:622–623
  40. Kestin M, Moss R, Clifton PM, Nestel PJ. Comparative effects of three cereal brans on plasma lipids, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism in mildly hypercholesterolemic men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52:661–666
  41. National Cholesterol Education Program. Adult Treatment Panel III Report. Adopting healthful lifestyle habits to lower LDL cholesterol and reduce CHD risk. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2001;
  42. Kynast-Gales SA, Massey LK. Effects of dietary calcium from dairy products on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive men. J Am Diet Assoc. 1992;92:1497–1501
  43. Kawano Y, Matsuoka H, Takishita S, Omae T. Effects of magnesium supplementation in hypertensive patients (assessment by office, home, and ambulatory blood pressures). Hypertension. 1998;32:260–265
  44. Resnick LM, Oparil S, Chait A, Haynes RB, Pris-Etherton P, Stern JS, et al. Factors affecting blood pressure responses to diet (the Vanguard study). Am J Hypertens. 2000;13:956–965
  45. Stamler J, Elliott P, Kesteroot H, Nichols R, Claeys G, Dyer AR, et al. Inverse relation of dietary protein markers with blood pressure. Findings for 10,020 men and women in the INTERSALT Study. INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. INTERnational study of SALT and blood pressure. Circulation. 1996;94:1629–1634
  46. Whelton PK, Kumanyika SK, Cook NR, Cutler JA, Borhani NO, Hennekens CH, et al. Efficacy of nonpharmacologic interventions in adults with high-normal blood pressure (results from phase 1 of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention. Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group). Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:652S–660S
  47. Yamamoto ME, Applegate WB, Klag MJ, Borhani NO, Cohen JD, Kirchner KA, et al. Lack of blood pressure effect with calcium and magnesium supplementation in adults with high-normal blood pressure. Results from Phase I of the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP). Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) Collaborative Research Group. Ann Epidemiol. 1995;5:96–107
  48. McCarron DA, Morris CD, Henry HJ, Stanton JL. Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States. Science. 1984;224:1392–1398
  49. Hallfrisch J, Powell A, Reiser S, Mertz W, Prather ES. The Beltsville Diet and blood pressure in normotensive men and pre-menopausal and postmenopausal women. Nutr Rep Intl. 1989;39:1139–1147
  50. Poehlman ET. Energy expenditure and requirements in aging humans. J Nutr. 1992;122:2057–2065
  51. Botham RL, Cairns P, Faulks RM, Livesey G, Morris VJ, Noel TR, et al. Physicochemical characterization of barley carbohydrates resistant to digestion in a human ileostomate. Cereal Chem. 1997;74:29–33
  52. Bhatty RS. β-glucan content and viscosities of barleys and their roller-milled flour and bran products. Cereal Chem. 1992;69:469–471
  53. Tian HG, Nan Y, Shao RC, Gong QN, Hu G, Pietinen P, et al. Association between blood pressure and dietary intake and urinary excretion of electrolytes in a Chinese population. J Hypertens. 1995;13:49–56
  54. Xie J, Liu L, Kesteloot H. Blood pressure and urinary cations in a low-fat intake Chinese population sample. Acta Cardiol. 2001;56:163–168

PII: S0271-5317(03)00202-1

doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2003.08.014

Nutrition Research
Volume 23, Issue 12 , Pages 1631-1642 , December 2003