Overweight, stunting, and anemia are public health problems among low socioeconomic groups in school adolescents (12-15 years) in the North Gaza Strip

Abstract 

The objective of the study was to describe sociodemographic differences in nutritional status among school adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in north Gaza Strip. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2002 comprising 1022 students from 10 schools in Gaza city, Jabalia village, and Jabalia refugee camp. Height, weight, and hemoglobin levels were measured to assess nutritional status. Self-administered questionnaires were administered to students and parents to obtain data on sociodemographic characteristics. The prevalence of overweight/obesity, stunting, and anemia in the total sample was 17.9%, 9.7%, and 49.6%, respectively. More overweight/obese girls than boys were found (20.2% vs 15.4%). In girls, being from a low-income residential area, having employed fathers, and having reached puberty had highest risk of overweight/obesity, whereas in boys, those with medium socioeconomic status (SES) had the lowest risk of overweight. The mean height-for-age percentile was generally low for both sexes compared with the National Center for Health Statistics/World Health Organization reference, but stunting was more common in boys than girls (13.7% vs 6.2%). Age was positively associated with risk of stunting in boys, whereas in girls, SES and mother's education were negatively associated with stunting. Anemia prevalence was high in both girls and boys (51.3% vs 47.9%). Age and onset of puberty had an independent negative effect on anemia among boys. Girls from nuclear families and from Jabalia village had higher risk of being anemic. In conclusion, undernutrition and overnutrition coexisted in the study area. Anemia, stunting, and overweight among the adolescents are public health problems, especially among low SES groups that merit attention.

Keywords: Humans, Adolescence, Nutritional status, Anemia, Overweight, Palestine, Gaza Strip, Socioeconomic status