Mogrosides extract from Siraitia grosvenori scavenges free radicals in vitro and lowers oxidative stress, serum glucose, and lipid levels in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

Abstract 

This study evaluated the supplementation of a mogrosides extract (MG) from fruits of Siraitia grosvenori on reducing oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The oxygen free radical scavenging activity of MG was also assessed in vitro. After induction of diabetes, a significant increase in the levels of serum glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), and hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as a reduction in the level of hepatic high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) associated with diminution of the corresponding antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase, were observed in all diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with MG (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg ) for 4 weeks significantly decreased serum glucose, TC, TG, and hepatic MDA levels (P < .05), whereas it increased serum HDL-C level and reactivated the hepatic antioxidant enzymes (P < .05) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice (P < .05). The hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidative activities of MG (100 mg/kg treatment) were all higher compared with all other diabetic groups and were similar to that observed for XiaoKeWan-pill (894 mg/kg; Guangzhou Zhongyi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China), a Chinese traditional antidiabetic drug. Antioxidant capacity evaluated in vitro showed that MG and mogroside V, which was the main component of MG, possessed strong oxygen free radical scavenging activities. These results demonstrate that the extract may have capacity to inhibiting hyperglycemia induced by diabetes, and the data suggest that administration of the extract may be helpful in the prevention of diabetic complications associated with oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia. We conclude that the extract should be evaluated as a candidate for future studies on diabetes mellitus.

Abbreviations: C, nondiabetic control group, D, untreated diabetic group, D-HMG, diabetic mice received MG at high dose of 500 mg/kg weight, D-LMG, diabetic mice received MG at low dose of 100 mg/kg weight, D-MMG, diabetic mice received MG at medium dose of 300 mg/kg weight, DR, d-deoxyribose, D-VLMG, diabetic mice received MG at very low dose of 50 mg/kg weight, D-XKW, diabetic mice received diabetic XiaoKeWan-pill at dose of 849 mg/kg weight, GSH-Px, glutathione peroxidase, HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HPLC, high-pressure liquid chromatography, IC₅₀, inhibitory concentration at 50%, ID, internal diameter, MDA, malondialdehyde, MG, mogrosides extract, NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, SOD, superoxide dismutase, TBA, 2-thiobarbituric acid, TC, total cholesterol, TG, triacylglycerol

Keywords: Diabetic mice, Antidiabetic activity, Antioxidation, Fruits of Siraitia grosvenori, Hypolipidemic activity, Mogrosides extract