Pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pulp oil reduces exercise-induced inflammatory markers and blood pressure of male and female runners

Abstract 

The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) fruit oil and its effects on the postprandial lipidemia and arterial blood pressure of male and female athletes. These athletes were evaluated after races in the same environment and under the same type, intensity, and length of weekly training conditions, both before and after ingestion of 400 mg pequi oil capsules for 14 days. Pequi fruit contains several antioxidants, and its oil has been associated with anti-inflammatory properties in other pequi species. Because the oil of pequi is mostly composed of oleic and palmitic fatty acids, the oil may alter the ratio of triglyceride to cholesterol in postprandial lipidemia. Epidemiologic studies suggest that an increased intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (such as oleic acid) is inversely related to blood pressure. Thus, we hypothesize that pequi oil could reduce exercise-induced inflammation and blood pressure, and modulate postprandial lipidemia in runners. To test this hypothesis, arterial blood pressures were checked before races; blood samples were taken after the races and submitted for analysis of leukocytes and platelets analysis, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein values, and postprandial lipids. Pequi oil resulted in anti-inflammatory effects and reduced the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in the age group older than 45 years, mainly for men. The results showed a general trend for reduced arterial pressure, suggesting that pequi oil may have a hypotensive effect. However, this finding needs additional investigation. Thus, pequi oil, besides possessing many nutritional properties, may be a good candidate supplement for athletes.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index, HDL, high-density lipoprotein, hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LDL, low-density lipoprotein, MDA, malondialdehyde, MPV, mean platelet volume, MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ROS, reactive oxygen species, SFA, saturated fatty acids, TBARS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TG, triglyceride, TRL, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, VLDL, very low density lipoprotein

Keywords: Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) fruit oil, Human athlete, Postprandial lipemia, Anti-inflammatory effects, High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, Arterial pressure